China is no stranger to economic sanctions. In fact, the US has maintained sanctions against China from the inception of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 until 1972. Sanctions were reimposed on China by the US and the European Union following the Tiananmen Square student riots in 1989, which are still maintained today. The Donald Trump Administration in August 2018 signed the National Defence Authorisations Act for the fiscal year of 2019 (NDAA 2019), which banned Huawei and ZTE equipment from being used in the US. This was seen as the ‘first blow’, in the latest series of sanctions programmes that would be imposed on China by Western Governments and would ultimately push China into creating their own ‘Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law’ and to reform their old alliance with Russia and other countries that have been adversely affected by Western sanction programmes like Iran and Turkey.